References

Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 2024. “National Melanoma Screening Calls as Hairdressers Trained to Detect Suspicious Spots.” https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-06-19/hairdresser-melanoma-skin-cancer-health-newcastle/103988070.
———. 2026. “Hopes for Lower Melanoma Risk as Study Finds Number of Moles on Children’s Bodies Halved in 25 Years.” https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-03-05/children-moles-melanoma-almost-half-25-years/106411542.
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. 2026. “Melanoma of the Skin in Australia.” https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/cancer/cancer-data-in-australia/contents/cancer-data-commentaries/melanoma-of-the-skin-in-australia.
Australian Skin and Skin Cancer Research Centre. 2023. “Skin Cancer Prevention Queensland: Towards a Future of Reduced Skin Cancer Burden for Queenslanders.” https://www.assc.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/SCPQ_Report_Final_2023.pdf.
Canadian Cancer Society. n.d. “Survival Statistics for Melanoma Skin Cancer.” https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/melanoma-skin/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics.
Canadian Dermatology Association. 2026. “More Than Skin Deep: Solutions to Narrow Canada’s Dermatology Gap.” https://dermatology.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Advocacy_Narrowing_the_Gap_EN.pdf.
Cancer Council Australia. 2025. “10-Year Anniversary of Sunbed Ban a Stark Reminder That No Tan Is Worth Dying For.” https://www.cancer.org.au/about-us/news-and-media/media-releases/10-year-anniversary-of-sunbed-ban-a-stark-reminder-that-no-tan-is-worth-dying-for.
———. n.d.a. “No Tan Is Worth Dying For.” https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/causes-and-prevention/sun-safety/campaigns-and-events/no-tan-is-worth-dying-for.
———. n.d.b. “Slip! Slop! Slap! Seek! Slide!” https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/causes-and-prevention/sun-safety/campaigns-and-events/slip-slop-slap-seek-slide.
———. n.d.c. UV Radiation Prevention Policy: Skin Cancer Incidence and Mortality.” https://www.cancer.org.au/about-us/policy-and-advocacy/prevention/uv-radiation/related-resources/skin-cancer-incidence-and-mortality.
———. n.d.d. UV Radiation: Skin Cancer Statistics and Issues.” https://www.cancer.org.au/about-us/policy-and-advocacy/prevention/uv-radiation/related-resources/statistics#uv-index.
Gandini, Sara, Francesco Sera, Maria Sofia Cattaruzza, Paolo Pasquini, Damiano Abeni, Peter Boyle, and Carmelo Francesco Melchi. 2005. “Meta-Analysis of Risk Factors for Cutaneous Melanoma: I. Common and Atypical Naevi.” European Journal of Cancer 41 (1): 28–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2004.10.015.
Glasziou, Paul P., Mark A. Jones, Thanya Pathirana, Alexandra L. Barratt, and Katy J. Bell. 2020. “Estimating the Magnitude of Cancer Overdiagnosis in Australia.” Medical Journal of Australia 212 (4): 163–68. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.50455.
Hassani, Mohsen, Christine Lee, Aksana Marozava, Nikita Rosendahl, Blake O’Brien, Sarah Wallace, and Cliff Rosendahl. 2023. “Semi-Automated Total Body Photography Can Identify Subtle Melanomas but False-Negatives on Automated Comparison Highlight the Need for Manual Side-by-Side Image Comparison.” Australasian Journal of Dermatology 64 (2): e193–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajd.14013.
He, Kaiming, Xiangyu Zhang, Shaoqing Ren, and Jian Sun. 2016. “Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition,” 770–78. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2016.90.
Hynes, Matthew C., Paul Nguyen, Patti A. Groome, Yuka Asai, Meaghan E. Mavor, Tara D. Baetz, and Timothy P. Hanna. 2022. “A Population-Based Validation Study of the 8th Edition UICC/AJCC TNM Staging System for Cutaneous Melanoma.” BMC Cancer 22 (1): 720. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-022-09781-0.
International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2024a. “Australia Fact Sheet.” Global Cancer Observatory. https://gco.iarc.who.int/media/globocan/factsheets/populations/36-australia-fact-sheet.pdf.
———. 2024b. “Canada Fact Sheet.” Global Cancer Observatory. https://gco.iarc.who.int/media/globocan/factsheets/populations/124-canada-fact-sheet.pdf.
Katsch, Florian, Christoph Rinner, and Philipp Tschandl. 2022. “Comparison of Convolutional Neural Network Architectures for Robustness Against Common Artefacts in Dermatoscopic Images.” Dermatology Practical & Conceptual 12 (3): e2022126. https://doi.org/10.5826/dpc.1203a126.
Rosendahl, Cliff, and Aksana Marozava. 2019. Dermatoscopy and Skin Cancer: A Handbook for Hunters of Skin Cancer and Melanoma. First. Banbury, UK: Scion Publishing Ltd.
Sheerin, Jennifer, Helena Collgros, Alex Chamberlain, Peter Ferguson, Bruna Melhoranse Gouveia, Pascale Guitera, Victoria Mar, David C. Whiteman, and Tony Caccetta. 2025. “A Clinical Perspective on Melanoma Overdiagnosis.” Australasian Journal of Dermatology 66 (7): 388–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajd.14581.
Tschandl, Philipp, Cliff Rosendahl, and Harald Kittler. 2018. “The HAM10000 Dataset, a Large Collection of Multi-Source Dermatoscopic Images of Common Pigmented Skin Lesions.” Scientific Data 5: 180161. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.161.
weatherstats.ca. n.d. “Montréal Monthly UV Index Forecast.” https://montreal.weatherstats.ca/charts/forecast_uv-monthly.html.
Wen, David, Saad M. Khan, Antonio Ji Xu, Hussein Ibrahim, Luke Smith, Jose Caballero, Luis Zepeda, et al. 2022. “Characteristics of Publicly Available Skin Cancer Image Datasets: A Systematic Review.” The Lancet Digital Health 4 (1): e64–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(21)00252-1.
Whybrew, Chin, Paweł Pietkiewicz, Ihor Kohut, Justin C. Chia, Bengu Nisa Akay, and Cliff Rosendahl. 2022. “Not All Polarized-Light Dermatoscopes May Display Diagnostically Critical Polarizing-Specific Features.” Dermatology Practical & Conceptual 12 (4): e2022250. https://doi.org/10.5826/dpc.1204a250.
Winkler, Julia K., Christine Fink, Ferdinand Toberer, Alexander Enk, Teresa Deinlein, Rainer Hofmann-Wellenhof, Luc Thomas, et al. 2019. “Association Between Surgical Skin Markings in Dermoscopic Images and Diagnostic Performance of a Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Network for Melanoma Recognition.” JAMA Dermatology 155 (10): 1135–41. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.1735.
Winkler, Julia K., Katharina Sies, Christine Fink, Ferdinand Toberer, Alexander Enk, Andreas Blum, Wilhelm Stolz, Albert Rosenberger, and Holger A. Haenssle. 2021. “Association Between Different Scale Bars in Dermoscopic Images and Diagnostic Performance of a Market-Approved Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Network for Melanoma Recognition.” European Journal of Cancer 145: 146–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2020.12.010.
Wolchok, Jedd D., Vanna Chiarion-Sileni, Piotr Rutkowski, C. Lance Cowey, Dirk Schadendorf, John Wagstaff, Paola Queirolo, et al. 2025. “Final, 10-Year Outcomes with Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma.” New England Journal of Medicine 392 (1): 11–22. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2407417.